Integrating multiple-domain rules for disease classification

In psychiatry, clinicians use criteria sets from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to diagnose mental disorders. Most criteria sets have several symptom domains, and in order to be diagnosed, an individual must meet the minimum number of symptoms required by each domain. Some efforts are now focused on adding biomarkers to these symptom domains to facilitate the detection of and highlight the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disorders. Thus, a new criteria set may consist of both clinical symptom counts in several domains and continuous biomarkers. In this paper, we propose a method to integrate classification rules from multiple data sources to estimate an optimal criteria set. Each domain-specific rule can be counts of symptoms, a linear function of symptoms, or even nonparametric. The overall classification rule is the intersection of these domain-specific rules. Based on examining the expected population loss function, we propose two iterative algorithms using either support vector machines or logistic regression to fit intersection rules consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In simulation studies, these proposed methods are comparable with the true decision rule. The methods are applied to the motivating study to construct a criteria set for complicated grief. The developed criteria set shows a substantial improvement in sensitivity and specificity compared to the current standards on an independent validation study.     

济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防相关知识调查及影响因素分析

目的了解济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防相关知识认知水平及其影响因素,为制定切合实际的干预方案提供科学依据。方法采用问卷对本地40岁以上的常住居民(居住时间半年以上)进行问卷调查。结果本地中老年居民骨质疏松相关知识总得分为(9.80±4.24)分,条目平均分的总体水平为(0.45±0.19)分;年龄段、婚姻状态、文化程度、经济状况、工作情况、医疗保险种类和体重指数不同分组的中老年居民预防相关知识认知水平不同,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,文化程度、工作情况和婚姻状态是骨质疏松预防相关知识认知水平的影响因素。结论疾控或健康教育工作者需要以骨质疏松基础知识、危险因素、治疗和随访、钙摄入以及运动等方面的知识或技能为重点,采用专家讲座、发材料和社区展板等方式面向中老年居民持续加强骨质疏松预防相关知识的普及;宣教时要注重文化程度较低、待业或失业和不在婚这几类中老年居民。     

Les tests de terrain d’évaluation de la condition physique chez l’enfant paralysé cérébral – Validité et fidélité test-retest –

Practice of regular physical activities improve the physical and mental health of children and adults. Numerous studies on children, teenagers and adults with normal growth have seen the light of day for over 10 years and have enabled the establishment of a national and international public health policy in favor of daily physical activity. For children and teenagers with cerebral palsy, we currently do not find recommendations for the physical activities. In order to support cerebral paralyzed children and teenagers as closely as possible to their health needs, an initial assessment of their physical condition seems essential. Thus, this article shows the results of the current publications and studies concerning field tests of physical condition, validated and reliable, in children and/or teenagers with cerebral palsy.     

Predictors of 30-day follow-up visit completion after primary bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program data registry

BackgroundAdherence to follow-up visits is often unsatisfactory after bariatric surgery.ObjectivesTo identify predictors, including surgery type and preoperative demographics, body mass index (BMI), medical conditions, and smoking status, of 30-day follow-up visit completion.SettingMetabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program participating centers (2015–2018).MethodsPatients who underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were included in this analysis. Data were analyzed using weighted logistic regression. Subanalyses included stratification of the sample by sex and age (<45, 45–60, and >60 years).ResultsPatients (n = 566,774) were predominantly female (79.6%), White (72.4%), non-Hispanic (77.9%), and middle-aged (44.5 ± 11.9 years), with a mean BMI of 45.3 ± 7.8 kg/m². More than 95% of patients completed the 30-day visits. In the whole-sample analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02) and the presence of non–insulin-dependent diabetes (OR, 1.04), hypertension (OR, 1.03), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.10), obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 1.15), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR, 1.16) were positive predictors of the 30-day visit completion (P_s < .01). Conversely, sleeve gastrectomy procedure (OR, .86), Black race (OR, .87), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, .94), and the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes (OR, .96) and smoking (OR, .83) were negative predictors (P_s < .01). Several differences emerged in subanalyses. For example, in sex stratification, Hispanic ethnicity lost its significance in men. In age stratification, BMI and male sex emerged as positive predictors in the age groups of <45 and 45–60 years, respectively.ConclusionAlthough challenged by small effect sizes, this analysis identified subgroups at a higher risk of being lost to follow-up after bariatric surgery.     

消法在小儿内伤咳嗽治疗中的运用

治疗内伤咳嗽要辨清热痰、湿痰、气虚、阴虚等,治疗时则要强调"消法"的运用。此法适用于痰、瘀积聚所致的顽固性内伤咳嗽,具体可分为"祛痰""化瘀""消积"三类。采用渐消缓散的方法,达到祛除痰、瘀以治病的目的。     

The WHO active ageing pillars and its association with survival: Findings from a population-based study in Spain

BackgroundThe World Health Organization’s active ageing model is based on the optimisation of four key “pillars”: health, lifelong learning, participation and security. It provides older people with a policy framework to develop their potential for well-being, which in turn, may facilitate longevity. We sought to assess the effect of active ageing on longer life expectancy by: i) operationalising the WHO active ageing framework, ii) testing the validity of the factors obtained by analysing the relationships between the pillars, and iii) exploring the impact of active ageing on survival through the health pillar.MethodsBased on data from a sample of 801 community-dwelling older adults, we operationalised the active ageing model by taking each pillar as an individual construct using principal component analysis. The interrelationship between components and their association with survival was analysed using multiple regression models.ResultsA three-factor structure was obtained for each pillar, except for lifelong learning with a single component. After adjustment for age, gender and marital status, survival was only significantly associated with the physical component of health (HR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47−0.93; p = 0.018). In turn, this component was loaded with representative variables of comorbidity and functionality, cognitive status and lifestyles, and correlated with components of lifelong learning, social activities and institutional support.ConclusionAccording to how the variables clustered into the components and how the components intertwined, results suggest that the variables loading on the biomedical component of the health pillar (e.g. cognitive function, health conditions or pain), may play a part on survival chances.